Chemistry ConcepTests Sample Set #2 Arthur Ellis Department of Chemistry 1101 University Ave. Madison WI 53706 University of Wisconsin-Madison email: ellis@chem.wisc.edu 608-262-0421 Readers may be familiar with Harvard physicist Eric Mazur's ConcepTests, which have been shown to enhance substantially the comprehension of introductory physics concepts. Briefly, conceptual questions are posed in the lecture room along with a few possible answers. Students vote on the possible answers, then try to persuade their neighbors in the lecture room that they are correct, and finally vote again. This form of peer instruction is often an effective pedagogical method, and it also provides the instructor with on-line feedback as to how well the class is following the lecture. The ConcepTests include in parenthesis the concepts being addressed and the chapter they correspond to from the book, ÒTeaching General Chemistry, A Materials Science Companion,Ó Arthur B. Ellis, et al., American Chemical Society, 1993. Atoms, Molecules, Extended Structures, and Stoichiometry 1. (Vapor pressure) Demonstration: Drops of water and ethanol are placed on an overhead projector and the ethanol drop is seen to evaporate more rapidly. The graph below compares the vapor pressures of ethanol and water. Which curve corresponds to ethanol? A, B 2. (Unit cells; Ch. 3 "Companion") Which of the parallelograms in the figure below are unit cells? A, B, C, D, E After a unit cell is identified: What number of atoms belong to the unit cell? 1, 2, other Equilibrium 3. (Equilibrium, concentration, competition) When people are exposed to higher than normal concentrations of CO, CO can displace O2 from the hemeoglobia (Hb) and eventually cause death. A competition experiment involves O2 and CO vying for hemoglobin (Hb) sites, defined by the equilibrium Hb(O2)4 + 4 CO Hb(CO)4 + 4O2 From Le Ch‰telier's principle, how is CO poisoning reversed? decrease O2 pressure, increase O2 pressure, remove Hb 4. (Equilibrium, Le Ch‰telier's principle; Ch. 5 & 9 "Companion") The body-centered cubic (bcc) phase of a metal has a 68% packing efficiency, while the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase of the same metal has a 74% packing efficiency. For the equilibrium bcc metal fcc metal as pressure increases, the equilibrium shifts to the left, shifts to the right, is unaffected 5. (pH scale) Recall that pH = - log[H+]. A solution with pH = 5 is 100 times more acidic than a solution with a pH = ? 7, 3, 0.05 6. (Weak acids, Le Ch‰telier's principle) For the reaction, CH3COOH = CH3COO- + H+, pKa = 5. Recall that pKa = -logKa and . At pH = 5, what is the most prevalent species? CH3COOH, CH3COO-, equal amounts of the acid and its conjugate base At pH = 2, what is the most prevalent species? CH3COOH, CH3COO-, equal amounts of the acid and its conjugate base The plot below show the concentrations of CH3COOH and CH3COO- as a function of pH. Which plot corresponds to the concentration of acetic acid, CH3COOH, as a function of pH? A, B Chemical Reactions, Acid-Base, Redox, Precipitation 7. (Amino acid sequences) Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds formed through condensation reactions. Is the compound gly-ala the same as ala-gly? yes, no Electrochemistry 8. (Galvanic cells, redox, Le Ch‰telier's principle) Ag+(aq) + e- ® Ag(s) Eû = 0.80 V Cu+2(aq) + 2e- ® Cu(s) Eû = 0.34 V Will Ag(s) react with Cu+2(aq)? yes, no Will Cu(s) react with Ag+(aq)? yes, no Demonstration: Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) ® Cu+2(aq) + 2Ag(s) Place a sheet of copper into a AgNO3 solution. The submerged copper electrode will be plated with silver at the end of the reaction. Demonstration: Construct a galvanic cell: Cu(s)|Cu+2(aq)||Ag+(aq)|Ag(s) Measure the voltage. If water is added to the Cu+2(aq) cell, how will the voltage be affected? voltage will increase, voltage will decrease, no change If a Cl- solution is added to the Ag+(aq) half cell to precipitate AgCl(s), how will the voltage be affected? voltage will increase, voltage will decrease, no change As current passes, the voltage increases, decreases, stays constant Other 9. (Isotopes, Half-life) The half-life of 238U is 4.5 x 109 years; that of 235U is 7.1 x 108 years. If at the moment of the birth of the universe there were equal amounts of 238U and 235U, which isotope is now in excess? 235U, 238U, still equal amounts Referring to the graph below, which line represents the decay of 238U, as opposed to that of 235U? A, B